- Titel
- Experimental Quantification of Respiratory Tract Deposition of Black Carbon
- Zitierfähige Url:
- https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa2-947251
- Datum der Einreichung
- 03.06.2024
- Datum der Verteidigung
- 08.11.2024
- Abstract (EN)
- Exposure to air pollutants is a significant environmental health risk globally, yet understanding the precise health effects remains incomplete. While particulate matter (PM) exposure is traditionally used to assess air quality health impacts, emerging evidence suggests that specific components, such as black carbon (BC), may have varying effects. This dissertation investigates the respiratory tract deposition (RTD) of BC in developing regions, focusing on various transport microenvironments (TMEs) and employing a novel measurement technique under real-world conditions. The assessment of BC pollution in TMEs revealed significant exposure differences among commuters in developing regions. Open-sided vehicles like microbuses and Jeepneys exposed passengers to higher mean BC concentrations (12.8 μg m−3) compared to walking (4.9 μg m−3) and cable car rides (2.8 μg m−3). Despite this, pedestrians experienced the highest RTD of BC per trip (6.3 μg) due to higher minute ventilation and longer commute times. In Manila, Jeepney commuters had a substantially higher RTD dose rate (13.2 μg h−1) than walkers (6.3 μg h−1), mainly because of elevated BC concentrations inside Jeepneys (72 μg m−3 vs. 30 μg m−3). This work highlights the development of the MERDOC (MEasuring Real-world deposition Dose of black Carbon) system, a portable measurement tool designed to assess personal BC exposure, ventilatory parameters, and RTD in real-world scenarios. The MERDOC system demonstrated high operational efficiency, stability, and accuracy, with the deposition fraction (DF) of inhaled BC particles ranging from 39% to 48%. This novel method provided valuable data, particularly in regions with limited access to standard measurement tools, enhancing the understanding of air pollution-related health risks. In conclusion, this research underscores the complex dynamics of BC exposure in developing regions and the necessity for comprehensive strategies to mitigate associated health risks. The innovative MERDOC system significantly improves the accuracy of RTD measurements, providing essential data for informed policy-making and intervention efforts. Promoting active travel, using high-efficiency masks, and exploring alternative transportation modes like cable cars are recommended strategies to reduce BC exposure and enhance public health in urban areas of developing regions.
- Freie Schlagwörter (EN)
- respiratory deposition, exposure, black carbon
- Klassifikation (DDC)
- 530
- Den akademischen Grad verleihende / prüfende Institution
- University of Leipzig, Leipzig
- Version / Begutachtungsstatus
- publizierte Version / Verlagsversion
- URN Qucosa
- urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa2-947251
- Veröffentlichungsdatum Qucosa
- 06.12.2024
- Dokumenttyp
- Dissertation
- Sprache des Dokumentes
- Englisch
- Lizenz / Rechtehinweis
CC BY 4.0- Inhaltsverzeichnis
Bibliographische Beschreibung i Bibliographic Description ii List of Figures iv List of Symbols and Abbreviations v 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Aerosol Particles in a Nutshell 1 1.2 Aerosol Particles and Health 2 1.3 Black Carbon as a proposed additional parameter in health assessments 4 1.4 Exposure Assessment 6 1.5 Respiratory Tract Deposition (RTD) Assessment 8 1.5.1 Background on Human Respiratory Tract 10 1.5.2 Understanding the Fate of Inhaled Particles 13 1.5.3. Approaches and Techniques in RTD Studies 15 1.6 Objectives 18 2. Methods 19 2.1 Study design and Data collection 19 2.1.1 Assessing personal exposure and deposition in microenvironments 20 2.1.2 Feasibility of a novel measurement system 21 2.1.3 Randomized crossover study in young, healthy adults 22 2.2 Development of the portable measurement system 22 2.3 Ethical Considerations 24 3. Results and Discussions 24 3.1 Assessment of Commuter Exposure 24 3.2 Development of Experimental Method 25 3.3 Randomized Crossover Study Using the Developed Instrument 26 4. Summary and Conclusion 27 4.1 Study Limitations and Considerations 30 5. Outlook 31 Bibliography 32 Appended Papers 37 List of Publications included in this dissertation A Authors’ Contribution to the Papers B Publications not included in this dissertation C Acknowledgments D